Dumping syndrome also called gastric dumping syndrome. It is a collection of symptoms that occur when food or water is emptied too quickly from the stomach and fills the small intestine with undigested foods.
Classification:
Dumping syndrome can be classified into two types –
- Early dumping syndrome:
Early dumping syndromes occur during meal or 10 – 45 minutes after eating. It can be frightening to the patient.
- Late dumping syndrome:
Late dumping syndromes occur 1 – 3 hours after a meal. Excess insulin production causes late dumping syndrome which is associated with quick entry of food and fluid into the small intestine. In high insulin level, lowers the blood glucose level.
Symptoms:
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| Symptoms of dumping syndrome |
The symptoms of dumping syndrome are divided into early dumping symptoms and late dumping symptoms.
Symptoms of early dumping include –
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Bloating
- Cramping
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
Symptoms of late dumping include –
- Hypoglycemia
- Weakness
- Sweating
- Dizziness
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis of dumping syndrome mainly depends on the symptoms and the past history of patient such as stomach surgery. Some tests are needed to diagnose. Tests are blood test, upper endoscopy or gastric emptying. Gastric emptying shows the fast stomach emptying.
Treatment:
Treatment of dumping syndrome include medical and dietary management
Medical:
Medical treatment requires dietary changes as well as use of medications. Initial treatment should be always dietary changes. Then in moderate to severe cases, medications are given to patient. Medication helps to slow the stomach emptying and movement of food in the GI tract. Sometimes doctors suggest surgery if other treatment does not work.
Dietary guidelines:
Eat small quantity of food at short interval. Eating 5 or 6 small meals is good for patient instead of eating 3 heavy meals.
- Patient should eat slowly and chew the food properly.
- Eat soft food which requires less chewing.
- Avoid foods which are very cold or very hot.
- Avoid drinking water with meals because digestive juice can be diluted by drinking water and it delay digestion process.
- Avoid the use of nutrient rich drinks such as milk shake because any rich emulsions can give bad effect.
- Simple sugars should be avoided as simple sugars pass easily through stomach and it can cause diarrhea and cramping.
- Take complex carbohydrate such as whole grains, rice, bread etc.
- Eat soluble fibre rich foods as they help to slow the stomach emptying and prevent sugar from absorption too quickly.
- Avoid eating of fruit juice, carbonated beverages, candies, cakes etc.
- Take fat in moderate amount as fat helps to slow the stomach emptying and prevents dumping syndrome from developing. Butter, cheese, cream, vegetable oil, margarine are good choice to eat.
- Eat high protein food such as egg, meat, fish, yoghurt etc.
- Sometimes milk causes irritation of stomach. So, take lactose free milk. If you avoid milk, eat vitamin D and calcium rich foods as it is essential for health.
- If patient with low blood pressure feels sweaty and light headed after meals, lie down for 30 minutes. It may help.
- If patient do not respond to the above treatment, medications are needed.
- There are many medicines are used for slowing gastric emptying and patient with diabetes such as acarbose drug help to slow the carbohydrate absorption.
- If medicine is not enough for patient, surgery is required.
- Who want to lose weight, an individual meal planning is needed for them. So, consult with your doctor and dietitian. Dietitian can help in modifying diet on the basis of your past medical history and age, sex, weight, likes, dislikes etc.
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